文章標(biāo)題:Diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities in the Fildes Region(maritime Antarctica)as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing
中文標(biāo)題:應(yīng)用454焦磷酸測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)菲爾德斯地區(qū)(南極地區(qū))土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性和結(jié)構(gòu)的研究
文章關(guān)鍵字:antarctica, 16S rRNA gene, bacterial communities, soil geochemical property, molecular ecology
研究領(lǐng)域:環(huán)境微生物
分析物種及采樣方法:土壤微生物,采集土壤表層土(0-5cm)
高通量測(cè)序平臺(tái):Roche 454
測(cè)序區(qū)域:16S V1-V3
引物名稱及序列:533R (5’-TTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCAC-3’)和8F(5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’)
樣本數(shù)及分組:12個(gè)土樣,4組
涉及微生物數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù):SILVA
研究背景:
南極氣候非常惡劣,其簡(jiǎn)單的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)極易受到氣候變化、人類活動(dòng)等干擾因子的影響。作為土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)者,陸地微生物群落在無(wú)冰區(qū)很容易受到海洋脊椎動(dòng)物如企鵝、海象的影響。近年來(lái)隨著氣候的變暖,無(wú)冰的區(qū)域?qū)U(kuò)大,企鵝、海象將逐漸增多,人類活動(dòng)將更加頻繁,陸地微生物可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化,因此很有必要了解南極地區(qū)無(wú)冰區(qū)土壤微生物和人類、動(dòng)物之間的關(guān)系。
迄今為止,科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的隔離方法和分子方法,對(duì)南極陸地系統(tǒng)的土壤細(xì)菌群落進(jìn)行了研究。最近,羅氏454高通量測(cè)序方法也用于土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性的研究。但南極陸地系統(tǒng)絕大多數(shù)的細(xì)菌群落還需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。據(jù)我們所知,目前還沒(méi)有采用高通量測(cè)序方法對(duì)人聚居地、企鵝聚居地和海象聚居地土壤中的微生物進(jìn)行研究。
菲爾德斯半島是南極地區(qū)最大的無(wú)冰區(qū),人類活動(dòng)頻繁,企鵝和海象也比較常見(jiàn)。因此在該地區(qū)采用454高通量測(cè)序技術(shù),對(duì)人類聚居地、企鵝聚居地、海象聚居地和原始區(qū)域土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究。
主要研究結(jié)果:
4種類型土樣中,土壤細(xì)菌多樣性最大的是企鵝聚居地土壤,其次是原始土壤、人類聚居地土壤和海象聚居地土壤。4種類型的土樣中都含有豐富的變形菌門、放線菌門、酸桿菌門、疣微菌門。4種類型土樣的化學(xué)性質(zhì)和細(xì)菌群落的結(jié)構(gòu)存在顯著差異。4種類型土壤中,熱袍菌門、藍(lán)藻、纖維桿菌門、耐輻射嗜、綠菌門在豐度上存在顯著差異。在4種類型的土樣中,Gaiella, Chloracidobacterium, Nitrospira, Polaromonas, Gemmatinonas, Sphingomonas和Chthoniobacter占主導(dǎo)地位,而Chamaesiphon, Herbaspirillum, Hirschia, Nevskia, Nitrosococcus, Rhodococcus, Rhodomicrobium和 Xanthomonas則在豐度上存在明顯差異。通過(guò)基于距離的冗余分析發(fā)現(xiàn),pH、磷、有機(jī)碳、有機(jī)氮是影響土壤細(xì)菌群落分布的最主要因素。





英文摘要:
This study assessed the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in four different soils (human-,penguin-, seal-colony impacted soils and pristine soil) in the Fides Region (King George Island, Antarctica) using 454 pyrosequencing wiht bacterial-specific primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were abundant phyla in almost all the soil samples. The four types of soils were significantly different in geochemical properties and bacterial community structure. Thermotogae, Cyanobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Chlorobi obviously varied in their abundance among the 4 soil types. Considering all the samples together, members of the genera Gaiella, Chloracidobacterium, Nitrospira, Polaromonas, Gemmatinonas, Sphingomonas, and Chthoniobacter were found to predominate,whereas members of the genera Chamaesiphon, Herbaspirillum, Hirschia, Nevskia, Nitrosococcus, Rhodococcus, Rhodomicrobium, and Xanthomonas varied obviously in their abundance among the four soil types. Distance-based redundancy analysis revealed that pH(p<0.01), phosphate phosphorus (p<0.01), organic carbon (p<0.05), and organic nitrogen (p<0.05) were the most significant factors that correlated with the community distribution of soil bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the soil bacterial communities in human-, penuin-, and seal-colony impacted soils from ice-free areas in maritime Antarctica using high-throughput pyrosequencing.
作者姓名及期刊: Neng Fei Wang, Tao Zhang, Fang Zhang, En Tao Wang, Jian Feng He, Hui Ding, Bo Tao Zhang, Jie Liu, Xiang bin Ran, Jia Ye Zang
原文鏈接地址:http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01188/full

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